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This Week's Wireless News Headlines
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NO POLITICS HERE This doesn't mean that nothing is ever published here that mentions a US political party—it just means that the editorial policy of this newsletter is to remain neutral on all political issues. We don't take sides.
A new issue of the Wireless Messaging Newsletter is posted on the web each week. A notification goes out by e-mail to subscribers on most Fridays around noon central US time. The notification message has a link to the actual newsletter on the web. That way it doesn’t fill up your incoming e-mail account. There is no charge for subscription and there are no membership restrictions. Readers are a very select group of wireless industry professionals, and include the senior managers of many of the world’s major Paging and Wireless Messaging companies. There is an even mix of operations managers, marketing people, and engineers — so I try to include items of interest to all three groups. It’s all about staying up-to-date with business trends and technology. I regularly get readers’ comments, so this newsletter has become a community forum for the Paging, and Wireless Messaging communities. You are welcome to contribute your ideas and opinions. Unless otherwise requested, all correspondence addressed to me is subject to publication in the newsletter and on my web site. I am very careful to protect the anonymity of those who request it. I spend the whole week searching the INTERNET for news that I think may be of interest to you — so you won’t have to. This newsletter is an aggregator — a service that aggregates news from other news sources. You can help our community by sharing any interesting news that you find.
Editorial Opinion pieces present only the opinions of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of any of advertisers or supporters. This newsletter is independent of any trade association. I don't intend to hurt anyone's feelings, but I do freely express my own opinions. |
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Apple is just getting started with Apple SiliconMike Peterson | Aug 02, 2022
Apple has officially cleared out any remaining trace of Intel on its newest redesigned M2 MacBook Air and MacBook Pro models. Looking ahead, the company is just getting started. The redesigned MacBook Air is an overhaul of the company's most popular portable notebook. Although other models, like the 14-inch MacBook Pro, come equipped with Apple Silicon chips, the 2022 MacBook Air provides the clearest picture of what we can expect from future Macs. Apple kills the last trace of IntelApple appears to be going all-in on its own first-party chips. Or, at the very least, it's committed to transitioning away from Intel — even when it comes with the tiniest components. In the latest MacBook Air and M2-equipped MacBook Pro models, Apple has replaced an Intel-made chip that's used for controlling the laptop's USB and Thunderbolt ports with a custom-designed piece of silicon. According to an iFixit teardown of the device, the USB4 retimer is no longer Intel's JHL8040R. Instead, it's a custom U09PY3 chip. It isn't clear if the piece is Apple-designed or made by another manufacturer. Although the change largely went unnoticed until semiconductor industry watcher Skyjuice pointed it out, it does mean that the newest MacBook Air and Pro models don't have any Intel-made components in them. Technically, Apple still has a couple of Mac models powered by Intel chips. Most notably, the current Mac Pro is still Intel-based, and the company is hanging on to a low-powered Mac mini model. But the M2 MacBook Air and MacBook Pro both herald the end of an era. Apple will almost certainly follow suit with its own portable notebooks, including redesigns of the 14-inch MacBook Pro and 16-inch MacBook Pro. In other words, there will come a time when there won't be a single Intel part in any Mac product. And, it's soon, given that Apple has already said that a Mac Pro is on the way. Intel's problemsApple has long has a focus on reducing its reliance on outside suppliers. Designing its own Mac chips in house is just one part of that strategy. However, it's likely that Intel's faults also played a part. Back in June 2020, a report indicated that Intel's quality assurance issues with its Skylake chips may have played a part in Apple ditching them. Beyond that, Intel has also had problems sticking with its roadmaps and deadlines. Just a month after the quality assurance news broke, Intel delayed the rollout of its 7-nanometer chips by six months. Before that, Intel had delayed its 10nm chip shipments for three years. And, it hasn't been tick-tock for about a decade where's there's innovation, then refinement, then back to innovation. It's been tick-tock-tock-tock more often. Apple is better off designing its own chips. While issues like semiconductor constraints and Covid manufacturing lockdowns can snarl production, those would still be issues on top of a chip supplier that can't meet its own deadlines. Bound by Intel no longerApple doesn't design enclosures in a vacuum. When it designed the 2016 MacBook Pro enclosure, it relied on what Intel was promising it could deliver from a thermal and power perspective. However, Intel was years behind what it promised to release from 2015 and on. Apple has historically used an enclosure for five to six years before moving on. And, that MacBook redesign was a victim of Intel's promises made, and not delivered. Those promises? Intel is fulfilling them now, years after the MacBook was killed. Instead, the 2022 MacBook Air represents a new age for the laptop that famously came out of an envelope. It's a MacBook Air designed with Apple Silicon in mind. It charts a new path for the company's portables, and for the Mac in general. Apple has always preferred to keep tight control of its stack, from firmware, to full hardware, to operating systems. This "full stack" mentality is compete in the ultimate computing-as-an-appliance device, the iPhone. Apple Silicon and other custom chip designs are the purest expression of that on the more-open Mac. And the new MacBook Air signals a sea change in how the company views its desktop and portable computers. Future possibilitiesApple may not be planning on merging the iPad and Mac anytime soon, but there's no doubt that the company will continue bringing more iPhone- or iPad-like features to the Mac. Apple Silicon was just the first example — there are other echoes of Apple's smartphone design in its newest machines. For example, the newest MacBook Air uses a distinctly iPhone-esque connector for its internal battery. There's not a limit of how far Apple can go here. By ditching Intel, the company is unburdening itself from the shackles of the chipmakers legacy technologies. Apple Silicon allows the company to charge ahead. The Apple Silicon iPad and M2 MacBook Air are one side of the coin, and compact powerhouses like the Apple Studio are the other. Apple Silicon has already introduced a lot of benefits, both for Apple itself, and for consumers. For example, it's hard to argue against both the performance and power consumption boosts that Apple Silicon brings to Mac models. And Apple has room to grow, to be sure. The company could expand its thermal envelopes to get a higher-power chips without the need for massive cooling mechanisms or enclosure. An Apple Silicon Mac Pro could have a single "M2 Max," or it could sport a plethora of M-series chips. Although Intel chips are catching up to Apple Silicon, they're doing so at a much higher power draw. That means comparable Intel-based machines need bigger batteries, which could put them at a disadvantage for portability and travel. The TSA has restrictions on batteries with more than 100 watt hours, for example. Extrapolating based on the M2 chip, Apple's silicon has a lot of room for growth in this area too. The Cupertino tech giant is tailor-making its own parts according to its own specifications. It's no longer limited to another company's innovations, only its own. From new controller chips to technologies that can provide additional efficiency for Apple products, segments like the Mac are only going to get better as time goes on. While many review companies, such as Wirecutter, are putting Mac laptops in their own Apple-specific category, they really deserve to be compared to Intel rivals. Most users don't care if their machines are x86 or Apple Silicon, and may choose the latter silicon for its quietness, thermal efficiency, and long battery life. It's been two years since the public-facing Apple Silicon hardware transition started, and many more since the initial plans were made internally. Through the company has already achieved a tremendous amount since then, Apple is still just getting started. |
| Source: |
| Leavitt Communications |
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INTERNET ACCESS Is your Internet service unreliable? There may be fiber in your future.Federal funding for high-speed Internet expansion could make fiber-optic service easier to findBy Chris Velazco August 4, 2022 at 7:00 a.m. EDT
Fiber-optic Internet (often just known as “fiber”) can be staggeringly faster than the DSL, cable or satellite Internet connections that many Americans rely on. It’s also pretty uncommon, relatively speaking. According to a January study from the Fiber Broadband Association, 43 percent of U.S. households can access fiber Internet service — but that may soon start to change. Between a presidential push to expand high-speed Internet access and a handful of recent broadband funding announcements from different agencies, fiber service could become much more readily available. That’s especially valuable for corners of the country where reliable Internet access is hard to find. But who’s going to bury all these new cables in the ground? And what does any of this mean for you? Here’s what you should know about fiber Internet and how the government’s Internet-for-all push could affect you. What makes fiber Internet different?For years, American households have largely relied on copper telephone wires or coaxial connections from cable companies to get online. Problem is, there are limits to how quickly data can move through those metallic mediums, not to mention limits on how far signals can go through them before they begin to degrade. Fiber is different. Instead of relying on metal wires, fiber-optic cables are made of hundreds of hairlike glass strands where data is being moved in the form of light pulses at super fast speeds. That means the volume of data that can move through a fiber optic cable over time, also known as bandwidth, can be much larger than what you may be getting from your current Internet connection. That’s why many fiber home Internet providers can offer upload and download speeds of 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) or more, while the average fixed home Internet connection in the United States sits at around 225 megabits per second — or about 23 percent as fast as a gigabit fiber connection. “We don’t really know the upper bounds of a fiber wire yet,” said Chao Jun Liu, a legislative associate at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “We’re still discovering that.” There’s another benefit here, too: symmetry. It’s very common for a household to be able to download things faster than it can upload them, and for most people, that’s not really an issue. But as we begin pushing more data out into the world, be it through Twitch streams, YouTube uploads or something else, upload speeds become more of a concern. And as we collectively embrace more new gadgets, the need for bandwidth to keep them all connected grows, too. That, proponents say, is why a switch to fiber Internet is so important. “Copper is pretty much obsolete. It’s done,” Liu said. “Cable is hitting an upper limit that we will likely meet within the next decade. Fiber could probably meet our needs for the next 30 years, if not 50.” Why all the fuss over fiber now?There's going to be a lot more of it. The sprawling infrastructure bill President Biden signed last year allocated $65 billion to expanding high-speed Internet access to all Americans, and the bulk of that money will flow to states and U.S. territories through the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program — or BEAD, for short. BEAD is being handled by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), and it made clear in a document called a notice of funding opportunity what kind of Internet connection it prefers. “With respect to the deployment of last-mile broadband infrastructure, the Program prioritizes projects designed to provide fiber connectivity directly to the end user,” the notice reads. To help make that happen, each participating state is eligible for a minimum of $100 million in funding, while territories like Guam and American Samoa are entitled to $25 million. BEAD isn’t the only Internet access expansion program that has a fondness for fiber — even if the word itself isn’t always prominent. Earlier this summer, the Treasury Department’s Coronavirus Capital Projects Fund began awarding hundreds of millions of dollars to states that developed plans to deliver “service that reliably meets or exceeds symmetrical download and upload speeds of 100 Mbps” when at all feasible. “Whenever you run into 100/100, that’s just code for fiber,” says Jonathan Schwantes, senior policy counsel for Consumer Reports.
Who is actually laying all these new cables?Lots of people. In some parts of the country, rural electric co-ops — like the ones that lit up farms and rural enclaves in the 1930s — have been begun extending fiber Internet connections to their communities. And in Utah, a consortium of cities teamed up to form the Utah Telecommunication Open Infrastructure Agency, better known these days as UTOPIA Fiber, to build municipal “open” fiber networks around the state. Internet service providers like AT&T and Charter also play a major role in laying down these fiber optic cables — usually under a few feet of earth — or stringing them up on telephone or utility poles when possible. But, encouraged by the promise of federal funds, smaller providers are getting into the mix, too. Uprise Fiber, a small ISP with headquarters in Reno, Nevada, received $27.1 million from the Agriculture Department to help it build fiber Internet connections in Pershing County, a roughly 6,000-square-mile chunk of the state’s northwest corner. “We look at a city like Lovelock, and they are being choked because they can’t grow,” Uprise CEO Sam Sanders said, referring to the seat of Pershing County. The process of digging up the earth and running fiber through the county will be “tough and expensive” and is expected to take about five years, but Sanders is hard-pressed to think of a place more in need of an upgrade. What does this mean for my home Internet service?It really depends on where you live. If you’re in a rural area with few options for proper, fast Internet connections, you’re exactly the kind of person the federal government’s broadband expansion initiatives are meant to help. But exactly how soon you’ll see a new Internet provider to sign up with comes down to your state or territory — when it applied for federal funding, it had to submit a five-year plan for how it plans to use the grant money. Change is coming, but it’ll probably take a while. If you’re in a suburb, or a metropolitan area, and you already have a reasonably stable Internet connection, the effects of this forthcoming broadband push can be harder to suss out. BEAD’s guidelines for requesting funding mention that, in addition to connecting “unserved” communities where Internet speeds don’t meet the broadband standard, states can also use that money for “underserved” locations — that is, places where download speeds don’t exceed 100 Mbps and upload speeds don’t exceed 20 Mbps. That scope means the money meant for high-speed Internet projects probably won’t solely go to rural towns and communities. And that could lead to stiffer competition for incumbent Internet providers in more places. The government’s broadband expansion plans will “give a lot of smaller [providers] and cities the money to build out their networks, and that will generate competition against the big ISPs that have been around forever,” Liu of the Electronic Frontier Foundation said. Research has shown that there’s a tendency for Internet prices to go down and speeds to go up when a provider has even a single competitor, so there’s a chance that your choice of plans — or your monthly bill — could get better. |
| Source: | The Washington Post |
Paging Transmitters 150/900 MHz The RFI High Performance Paging Transmitter is designed for use in campus, city, state and country-wide paging systems. Designed for use where reliable simulcast systems where RF signal overlap coverage is critical.
Built-in custom interface for Prism-IPX ipBSC Base Controller for remote control, management and alarm reporting.
Prism-IPX Systems LLC. 11175 Cicero Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30022
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The Wireless Messaging News
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Exclusive: Apple just showed us how it will kill the password foreverBy Mark Spoonauer published August 2, 2020 Passkeys should truly make passwords obsolete in iOS 16 and macOS Ventura
Raise your hand if you hate entering passwords. Okay, now keep your hand raised if you happen to use the same password for multiple accounts or services. Yes, lots of people do this, and it’s a leading cause for users getting hacked. Think about it. If someone can gain your password for a single service — either through a data breach, social engineering, or phishing attack — your identity and personal information could be compromised. This can lead to anything from people spying on baby cameras to hackers stealing money from your bank account. Yes, there are alternatives to manually entering passwords, such as the best password managers, but they can still leave users vulnerable. Now Apple, Google, Microsoft and others have banded together via the FIDO Alliance (opens in new tab) to try to replace the password for good. And Apple’s implementation is called Passkeys, which is coming this fall in iOS 16, macOS Ventura and iPadOS 16. In an exclusive Tom's Guide interview, I had a chance to speak with Kurt Knight, senior director of platform product marketing at Apple, and Darin Adler, VP of Internet technologies at Apple, about how Passkeys work and how they could truly make passwords a thing of the past. What the heck are Passkeys and how do they work?Passkeys are unique digital keys that are easy to use, more secure, never stored on a web server and stay on your device. The best part? Hackers can’t steal Passkeys in a data breach or trick users into sharing them.
“Passwords are key to protecting everything we do online today, from everything we communicate to all of our finances,” said Knight “But they’re also one of the biggest attack vectors and security vulnerabilities users face today.” That’s why Apple has been pushing so hard for an alternative. Passkeys use Touch ID or Face ID for biometric verification, and iCloud Keychain to sync across iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Apple TV with end-to-end encryption. Other companies have tried to replace passwords with dedicated hardware, like a physical security key, but that was mostly focused on enterprise users; it also added another layer of complexity. Passkeys have a real shot to take off because they leverage a device you already have.
Passkeys are based on what’s called public key cryptography. There’s a private key, which is a secret and stored on your device, and there’s a public key that goes on a web server. Passkeys make phishing impossible because you never present the private key; you merely authenticate using your device. “People almost always have phones with them,” said Adler. “Face ID and Touch ID verification give you the convenience and biometrics we can achieve with an iPhone. You don't have to buy another device, but also you don't even have to learn a new habit.” Wait, what happens if you’re not using an Apple device?Let's say you sign up for a streaming service on your iPhone but need to log in on your Roku. What do you do when your Roku doesn’t have Touch ID or Face ID? The other device generates a QR Code that can be read by your iPhone or iPad. iOS uses Face ID or Touch ID to confirm that it’s you who’s trying to sign in before confirming or denying the request to the app or website running on the other device. In addition, if someone is trying to log in to a service using an iOS device or Mac that is not yours, passkeys can be shared via AirDrop.
The cross-platform experience is super easy,” said Knight. “So say you're someone who has an iPhone, but you want to go and log in on a windows machine. You'll be able to get to a QR code that you will then just scan with your iPhone and then be able to use Face ID or Touch ID on your phone.”
In other words, computers are going to communicate with each other to make sure that you are in proximity for security sake and they'll confirm that you're signed in. An unbreakable KeychainIn order for Passkeys to work across multiple Apple devices — including iPhone, iPad, Mac and Apple TV — it needs something to sync the information with end-to-end encryption. And that’s where iCloud Keychain comes in.
iCloud Keychain is already used to keep your passwords and other secure info (like credit cards) in sync across your devices. But the arrival of Passkeys takes things to the next level. So what happens if you don’t have access to your iPhone? iCloud Keychain also makes it possible to recover your past keys through iCloud if your Apple device gets lost or stolen.
This is why it’s so critical that Apple built Passkeys on top of iCloud Keychain. “iCloud Keychain made it possible, and security that before was limited to people who would be willing to carry extra hardware can be made available to everyone with the phone,” said Adler. “So I think those two things come together in a really special way.” What’s next for PasskeysPasskeys will be built into the operating systems for iOS 16, iPadOS 16 and macOS Ventura, but Apple is also working with developers to integrate Passkey support into their apps. Apple couldn’t yet share which Passkey-compatible apps will be available at launch, but it sounds like there’s already momentum in the background. And it’s not just about ease of use. “These public keys don’t really have any value. There’s nothing worth stealing,” said Adler. "So that’s going to decrease liability for developers running services…and developers will want to take advantage of this because of the decreased responsibility.” According to Adler, developers have everything they need to start implemented Passkeys now and consumers are going to have support when they update their Apple devices to the newly released software this fall. So despite all the previous hype around killing the password for good, this time it could be happening for real. “This isn't a future dream to replace passwords,” said Knight. "This is something that's going to be a road to completely replace passwords, and it's starting now."
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| Source: | Tom's Guide |
| PRISM IPX Systems |
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Thousands of Users Worldwide Depend on Prism IPXOur Customers Trust Us To Make Sure That Their Messages Get Delivered
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| Easy Solutions |
Providing Expert Support and Service Contracts for all Glenayre Paging Systems.The GL3000 is the most prolific paging system in the world and Easy Solutions gladly welcomes you to join us in providing reliable support to the paging industry for many more decades in the future. Easy Solutions provides cost effective computer and wireless solutions at affordable prices. We can help in most any situation with your communications systems. We have many years of experience and a vast network of resources to support the industry, your system and an ever changing completive landscape.
Experts in Paging Infrastructure
Please see our web site for exciting solutions designed specifically for the Wireless Industry. We also maintain a diagnostic lab and provide important repair and replacement parts services for Motorola and Glenayre equipment. Call or Easy Solutions |
THE CONSUMER ELECTRONICS HALL OF FAME: MOTOROLA ADVISOR PAGERThis was the first product that let you reach a doctor when you absolutely, positively needed oneBY BRIAN SANTO — 03 JAN 2019
In the early 1990s, when pagers were in their heyday, the Motorola Advisor was the pager of choice. The first paging systems were introduced in the 1950s, but pagers came into widespread use only in the 1980s, when wireless technology got good enough to make them easy to use. At the time, Motorola was practically synonymous with wireless communications technology. The early pagers were far smaller, lighter, and more portable than the cellular phones of the day, which were called bricks for good reason. Typical pager customers wore the devices on their hips and worked in medicine, emergency care, and other quick-response professions. Early pagers mostly lacked screens, which meant that responding to a page required two calls. When the unit buzzed or beeped, users had to go find a phone, inevitably a landline. They’d first call a pager service to get the phone number the caller had left, and then call the caller. Pager makers tried several approaches to avoid this problem. Some built models that would allow callers to leave a voice message that could be stored on the pager and played back by the user. Others incorporated tiny screens that could display either a phone number or a numerical code. People compiled lists of codes they would share with callers and other pager users. In this one, 41 means “call me,” for example, and 53 means “thank you,” and so on. By the early 1990s, roughly 3 million people were using pagers, by some estimates. Many of the new customers had merely a desire rather than a need to be constantly in touch—executives, for instance. By 1993 Motorola’s user manual for the Advisor II noted that the product was “ideal for demanding business environments.” The original Advisor, released in 1990, was among the first pagers to provide alphanumeric messaging—up to four lines of text with up to 20 characters per line. It could be set to receive not only individual pages but also up to three additional group pages. It also included an alarm clock function. It was compact, measuring 18.5 by 55 by 81 millimeters, and ran on a single AA battery. Alphanumeric messaging unlocked the full potential of the pager. Often you could send enough information in one 80-character message to ensure that no callback was required. In retrospect, it could be considered a prototype for text messaging, with the same advantages of utility, convenience, and brevity. In the mid-1990s, the number of people using the devices skyrocketed, with estimates ranging from about 25 million to 61 million. Motorola made two Advisor models that could communicate on different combinations of UHF, VHF, and 900-megahertz bands (the frequency was user selectable). They offered at-the-time blazing fast transmission rates of 1600, 3200, or 6400 baud. The communications protocol was a one-way system called FLEX; it was created by Motorola and used primarily for its pagers (a later version, called ReFLEX, was two-way). The Advisor’s user manual helpfully suggested, “Include your pager number on business cards and on your answering machine message.” Wow. Remember answering machines? A few years later, smartphones—and actual text messaging—began to supersede pagers. Nevertheless, paging lives on. To this day, some doctors still use them, because their messages are more secure and their transmission is more reliable. |
| Source: | Spectrum IEEE |
GLENAYRE INFRASTRUCTUREService ContractsI would like to recommend Easy Solutions for Support of all Glenayre Paging Equipment. This Texas company is owned and operated by Vaughan Bowden. I have known Vaughan for over 35 years. Without going into a long list of his experience and qualifications, let me just say that he was the V.P. of Engineering at PageNet which was—at that time—the largest paging company in the world. So Vaughan knows Paging. GTES is no longer offering support contracts. GTES was the original group from Vancouver that was setup to offer support to customers that wanted to continue with the legacy Glenayre support. Many U.S. customers chose not to use this service because of the price and the original requirement to upgrade to version 8.0 software (which required expensive hardware upgrades, etc.). Most contracts ended as of February 2018. If you are at all concerned about future support of Glenayre products, especially the “king of the hill” the GL3000 paging control terminal, I encourage you to talk to Vaughan about a service contract and please tell him about my recommendation. Click on the image above for more info about advertising here. |
INTERNET Protocol Terminal The IPT accepts INTERNET or serial messaging using various protocols and can easily convert them to different protocols, or send them out as paging messages. An ideal platform for hospitals, on-site paging applications, or converting legacy systems to modern protocols.
Additional/Optional Features
Prism-IPX Systems LLC. 11175 Cicero Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30022 |
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Paging Data Receiver PDR-4 The PDR-4 is a multi-function paging data receiver that decodes paging messages and outputs them via the serial port, USB or Ethernet connectors. Designed for use with Prism-IPX ECHO software Message Logging Software to receive messages and log the information for proof of transmission over the air, and if the data was error free.
Prism-IPX Systems LLC. 11175 Cicero Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30022 |
Wireless Network Planners
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R.H. (Ron) Mercer |
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| Telephone: 631-786-9359 | |
wirelessplannerron@gmail.com  |
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US Attorneys General will take legal action against telecom providers enabling robocallsMariella Moon·Contributing Reporter
The Attorneys General of all 50 states have joined forces in hopes of giving teeth to the seemingly never-ending fight against robocalls. North Carolina AG Josh Stein, Indiana AG Todd Rokita and Ohio AG Dave Yost are leading the formation of the new Anti-Robocall Litigation Task Force. In Stein's announcement, he said the group will focus on taking legal action against telecoms, particularly gateway providers, allowing or turning a blind eye to foreign robocalls made to US numbers. He explained that gateway providers routing foreign phone calls into the US telephone network have the responsibility under the law to ensure the traffic they're bringing in is legal. Stein said that they mostly aren't taking any action to keep robocalls out of the US phone network, though, and they're even intentionally allowing robocall traffic through in return for steady revenue in many cases. Stein said in a statement:
The Attorney General referenced data from the National Consumer Law Center, which previously reported that American phone numbers get more than 33 million scam robocalls a day. Those include Social Security scams targeting seniors and gift card scams, wherein bad actors pretend they're from the IRS. In that report, the center warned that consumers will keep on getting robocalls as long as phone providers are earning from them. Stein already has experience sparring with shady gateway providers. Back in January, he sued Articul8 for routing more than 65 million calls to phone numbers in North Carolina and inundating residents with up to 200 fraudulent telemarketing calls every single day. He previously urged the FCC to implement measures designed to put a stop to illegal foreign calls made through providers like Articul8, as well. And in 2019, Stein became instrumental in the development of an agreement between the US Attorneys General and 12 carriers in the country to use the STIR/SHAKEN call-blocking technology. |
| Source: | yahoo!finance |
Brad Dye, Ron Mercer, Allan Angus, Vic Jackson, and Ira Wiesenfeld are friends and colleagues who work both together and independently, on wireline and wireless communications projects. Click here Note: We do not like Patent Trolls, i.e. “a person or company who enforces patent rights against accused infringers in an attempt to collect licensing fees, but does not manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents in question.” We have helped some prominent law firms defend their clients against this annoyance, and would be happy to do some more of this same kind of work. Some people use the title “consultant” when they don't have a real job. We actually do consulting work, and help others based on our many years of experience. “If you would know the road ahead, ask someone who has traveled it.” — Chinese Proverb |
Remote AB Switches ABX-1 switches are often used at remote transmitter sites to convert from old, outdated and unsupported controllers to the new modern Prism-IPX ipBSC base station controllers. Remotely switch to new controllers with GUI commands. ABX-1 ABX-3 switches are widely used for enabling or disabling remote equipment and switching I/O connections between redundant messaging systems. ABX-3 Common Features:
Prism-IPX Systems LLC. 11175 Cicero Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30022 |
| Source: | YouTube |
| Leavitt Communications |
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NYC man learns the hard way to not track down thieves with an AirTagBY ED HARDY • 6:50 AM, AUGUST 3, 2022
A New York City man had his scooter stolen. But he’d put one of Apple’s AirTag item trackers on the bike, so he was able to track down the thieves … who beat the $%#@ out of him. Stephen Herbert said he feels lucky he got out of the unfortunate encounter alive. AirTag is for lost items, not stolen onesAttach an AirTag to keys, backpack or a purse, and an iPhone can point right to it if it’s ever misplaced. Even better, Apple devices owned by other people can help find the lost item, too. Thanks to Apple’s Find My network, any iPhone, iPad or Mac can locate an AirTag and automatically and anonymously notify the owner of the location. Apple’s description of the product makes it clear the intent is to help people find misplaced items. But some people put AirTags on items so they can track them down if they’re stolen. Herbert discovered how dangerous that can be. His Honda Metropolitan was stolen, and he used an AirTag to track down the thieves, according to the Daily News. He found the scooter, confronted the apparent thief, and called the police. The thief left, but came back with another man — and they both attacked Herbert. “Next thing I know, I’m on the ground,” Herbert told the Daily News. “They might’ve both been hitting me and kicking me. I was just hoping they’d stop at that point, get up and leave, take my motorcycle. And they did. Stealer’s keepers.” Herbert ended up with a severely broken nose that will require multiple surgeries to fix. And the thieves left with his Honda. “I think a lot about, if he had a gun I could be dead,” Herbert said. “I think about how dumb I was to confront somebody and maybe had my life ruined in a lot more serious way.” So many ways to use (or misuse) an AirTag and Find My networkAirTag and Apple’s Find My network work so well that people come up with interesting and sometimes nefarious ways to utilize the technology. Some creeps use the tiny trackers to stalk other people, although Apple deployed anti-stalking features in a firmware update that make that type of bad behavior more difficult to do. And after Russian launched its war on Ukraine, some no-good soldiers stole citizens’ Apple products. Little did they know the aggrieved Ukrainians would track Russian troop movements using the Find My network. Other people have used AirTags to locate their stolen property with better results than the NYC man who took a beating. For instance, a Texas woman put Apple’s tracker on her outdoor Christmas inflatables. The difference is that she didn’t confront the Grinches who swiped her blow-up decorations. Instead, she found her stolen property and notified the police of the objects’ location. She got her decorations back without a trip to the emergency room. |
| Source: | Cult of Mac |
| Inside Towers Newsletter |
AT&T, FirstNet Bolster Communications in Flood Ravaged KentuckyBy J. Sharpe Smith, Inside Towers Technology Editor
As floods continue in eastern Kentucky, the FirstNet team at AT&T is there to provide communications support for the recovery efforts with dedicated portable network assets from the FirstNet fleet. A SatCOLT (Satellite Cell on Light Truck), two Communications Vehicles, and two Compact Rapid Deployables have been dispatched, as well as in-building solutions and FirstNet-ready devices to provide public safety with priority communications and to enhance their situational awareness. “From supporting law enforcement to search & rescue teams, the dedicated FirstNet fleet is equipping first responders with always-on priority communications and the interoperable connectivity they require,” AT&T said in a press release. “And FirstNet liaisons continue to be in contact with federal, state and local officials on our deployment efforts to support public safety and the communities in impacted areas.” Not all the help is high tech. FirstNet is also providing therapy animals to provide emotional support to first responders on the front lines of the disaster, a program known as “ROG the Dog.” AT&T said its network continues to perform well and that it is working with local, state and federal officials concerning restoration efforts. “Our teams are prepared to deploy additional network recovery assets and equipment if needed,” the MNO said. “Additionally, the AT&T Network Disaster Recovery team, in partnership with the FirstNet Response Operations Group, is in the field working closely with first responders and local leaders in impacted communities to deploy assets as needed to help maintain continued connectivity,” AT&T said. AT&T also announced that it has deployed temporary mobile towers and generators to several Eastern Kentucky communities including Buckhorn Lake State Park in Perry County as well as well as assets deployed in Breathitt County. The Crisis Cleanup hotline connecting residents with local relief organizations is being staffed by AT&T volunteers. AT&T and the AT&T Foundation have pledged a $50,000 donation to the Team Eastern Kentucky Flood Relief Fund and the Volunteers of America. |
| Source: | Inside Towers newsletter | Courtesy of the editor of Inside Towers, Jim Fryer. Inside Towers is a daily newsletter by subscription. |
| BloostonLaw Newsletter |
Reminder: Ownership Changes/Corporate Restructuring May Require FCC ApprovalWith FCC application processing times for certain wireless transactions lengthening to as much as 120+ days, we are reminding our clients now that many types of corporate reorganizations, estate planning and tax savings activities and other transactions require prior FCC approval; and given the frequent need to implement such transactions by the end of the year, companies engaging in such transactions should immediately determine whether they must file an application for FCC approval, and obtain a grant, before closing on a year-end deal. Similar considerations apply to companies holding Section 214 authorizations (especially in the case of wireline and other telephony services), or towers that had to be registered in the FCC’s Antenna Structure Registration (ASR) system. Clients planning such transactions should contact us as soon as possible to determine if FCC approval is needed. See the full article below for more information. BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens, John Prendergast, and Richard Rubino HeadlinesReminder: Ownership Changes/Corporate Restructuring May Require FCC ApprovalWith FCC application processing times for certain wireless transactions lengthening to as much as 120+ days, we are reminding our clients now that many types of corporate reorganizations, estate planning and tax savings activities and other transactions require prior FCC approval; and given the frequent need to implement such transactions by the end of the year, companies engaging in such transactions should immediately determine whether they must file an application for FCC approval, and obtain a grant, before closing on a year-end deal. Similar considerations apply to companies holding Section 214 authorizations (especially in the case of wireline and other telephony services), or towers that had to be registered in the FCC’s Antenna Structure Registration (ASR) system. Clients planning such transactions should contact us as soon as possible to determine if FCC approval is needed. Transactions requiring prior FCC approval include (but are not limited to):
Transactions involving certain types of authorizations can often be approved on an expedited basis. Unfortunately, this is not always the case, especially if bidding credits and/or commercial wireless spectrum licenses are involved, or foreign ownership trip-wires are triggered. BloostonLaw Contacts: John Prendergast and Richard Rubino FCC Proposes $4.3 Million in Fines Against Defaulting RDOF ApplicantsOn July 22, the FCC issued a Notice of Apparent Liability identifying 73 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) Phase I Auction (Auction 904) applicants that defaulted on their bids for support between July 26, 2021, and March 10, 2022, in apparent violation of the FCC’s rules. The proposed action contains only allegations that advise a party on how it has apparently violated the law and may set forth a proposed monetary penalty. Neither the allegations nor the proposed sanctions in the NAL are final FCC actions. The party will be given an opportunity to respond and the FCC will consider the party’s submission of evidence and legal arguments before acting further to resolve the matter. BloostonLaw attorneys are experienced in forfeiture matters and available to assist providers in responding. Specifically, the forfeitures involved bid defaults on 1,702 census block groups with 129,909 estimated locations in 36 states. According to the NAL, the applicants defaulted on their respective bids by withdrawing applications in certain areas, or failing to meet deadlines and requirements required in the auction rules after having already placed winning bids in Auction 904. The Notice of Apparent Liability proposes forfeitures for 73 applicants and two bidding consortia. However, the Notice does not propose forfeitures for applicants who defaulted on bids in response to the FCC’s letters identifying census blocks that may have been already served or raised significant concerns about wasteful spending. Appendix A to the FCC’s NAL provides a list of the applicants in default and a brief explanation of the circumstances that resulted in the proposed forfeiture, available here. BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens, Gerry Duffy, and Sal Taillefer. USDA Announces $401 Million in Broadband AwardsOn July 28, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced the award of $401 million in broadband infrastructure that will make high-speed Internet available for 31,000 rural residents and businesses in 11 states, as part of the White House’s broadband plan. This announcement includes a group of investments from the ReConnect Program, and an award funded through USDA’s Telecommunications Infrastructure Loan and Loan Guarantee program. BloostonLaw attorneys are experienced in assisting clients obtain grant funding and are available to discuss opportunities. A press release indicates that the Department will make additional investments for rural high-speed Internet later this summer, including ReConnect Program funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which provides a $65 billion investment to expand affordable, high-speed Internet to all communities across the U.S. As part of the announcement:
A full list of the awards that comprise this $401 million announcement can be found here. “Connectivity is critical to economic success in rural America,” Vilsack said. “The Internet is vital to our growth and continues to act as a catalyst for our prosperity. From the farm to the school, from households to international markets, connectivity drives positive change in our communities. The investments I am announcing today will help 31,000 people and businesses in large and diverse regions across the country access new and critical opportunities.” BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens and Sal Taillefer. Law and Regulation$380 Million in Unused Rural Healthcare Program Funds Available for Future FundingOn July 22, the FCC announced the availability of approximately $380.50 million in unused funds in the Rural Healthcare Program for use in future funding years beginning in funding year 2022. In June of 2018, the FCC established a process to carry-forward unused funds from past funding years for use in future funding years. With the carry-forward funding announced in this Notice, all eligible RHC Program funding requests filed during the funding year 2022 application filing window can be fully funded without prioritization. The RHC Program funding cap for funding year 2022 is $637,721,108. The internal cap on multi-year commitments and upfront payments under the Healthcare Connect Fund Program is $161,022,761. These funding-year 2022 caps represent a 4.2% inflation-adjusted increase to the RHC Program funding cap and the internal cap on multi-year commitments and upfront payments from funding year 2021. The estimated total RHC Program demand for funding year 2022 is $697.85 million, of which approximately $146.50 million represents demand for upfront payments and multi-year commitments in the Healthcare Connect Fund. BloostonLaw Contact: Sal Taillefer. Sens. Markey, Wyden, and Rep. Matsui Introduce Net Neutrality BillOn July 29, Senators Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.), a member of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), and Representative Doris Matsui (CA-06) introduced the Net Neutrality and Broadband Justice Act, legislation that would accurately classify broadband Internet access as a telecommunications service under Title II of the Communications Act, giving the FCC the appropriate authority to reinstate net neutrality protections. The proposed bill itself is short and simple: it revises the definition of “telecommunications service” to include the following:
Unlike previous Net Neutrality bills, this one would not attempt to reinstate the FCC’s pro-Net Neutrality orders. BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens and Sal Taillefer. IndustryFCC Issues Consumer Alert on Robotexts ScamsOn July 28, the FCC issued a Consumer Alert regarding the rising threat of robotexts. The FCC tracks consumer complaints — rather than call or text volume — and complaints about unwanted text messages have risen steadily in recent years from approximately 5,700 in 2019, 14,000 in 2020, 15,300 in 2021, to 8,500 through June 30, 2022. In addition, some independent reports estimate billions of robotexts each month — for example, RoboKiller estimates consumers received over 12 billion robotexts in June. Specifically, the FCC recommended consumers look out for the following indicators of scamming activities:
The FCC also recommended consumers protect themselves with the following practices:
Carriers may wish to consider passing on the FCC’s advisory to their customers. DeadlinesAUGUST 1: FCC FORM 499-Q, TELECOMMUNICATIONS REPORTING WORKSHEET. All telecommunications common carriers that expect to contribute more than $10,000 to federal Universal Service Fund (USF) support mechanisms must file this quarterly form. The FCC has modified this form in light of its recent decision to establish interim measures for USF contribution assessments. The form contains revenue information from the prior quarter plus projections for the next quarter. Form 499-Q relates only to USF contributions. It does not relate to the cost recovery mechanisms for the Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS) Fund, the North American Numbering Plan Administration (NANPA), and the shared costs of local number portability (LNP), which are covered in the annual form (Form 499-A) that was due April 1. BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens and Gerry Duffy. AUGUST 1: FCC FORM 502, NUMBER UTILIZATION AND FORECAST REPORT: Any wireless or wireline carrier (including paging companies) that have received number blocks--including 100, 1,000, or 10,000 number blocks--from the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), a Pooling Administrator, or from another carrier, must file Form 502 by August 1. Carriers porting numbers for the purpose of transferring an established customer’s service to another service provider must also report, but the carrier receiving numbers through porting does not. Resold services should also be treated like ported numbers, meaning the carrier transferring the resold service to another carrier is required to report those numbers but the carrier receiving such numbers should not report them. Reporting carriers file utilization and forecast reports semiannually on or before February 1 for the preceding six-month reporting period ending December 31, and on or before August 1 for the preceding six-month reporting period ending June 30. BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens and Gerry Duffy. AUGUST 1: LIVE 911 CALL DATA REPORTS — Non-Nationwide Providers that do not provide coverage in any of the Test Cities must collect and report aggregate data based on the largest county within its footprint to APCO, NENA, and NASNA on the location technologies used for live 911 calls in those areas. Clients should obtain spreadsheets with their company’s compliance data from their E911 service provider (e.g., Intrado / West). BloostonLaw Contact: Cary Mitchell. AUGUST 29: COPYRIGHT STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS. The Copyright Statement of Accounts form plus royalty payment for the first half of year is due to be filed August 29 at the Library of Congress’ Copyright Office by cable TV service providers. BloostonLaw Contact: Gerry Duffy. SEPTEMBER 1: FCC FORM 477, LOCAL COMPETITION AND BROADBAND REPORTING FORM. Four types of entities must file this form: (1) Facilities-based Providers of Broadband Connections to End User Locations (must complete and file the applicable portions of this form for each state in which the entity provides one or more such connections to end user locations); (2) Providers of Wired or Fixed Wireless Local Telephone Services (must complete and file the applicable portions of the form for each state in which they provide local exchange service to one or more end user customers (which may include “dial-up” ISPs)); (3) Providers of Interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Service (must complete and file the applicable portions of the form for each state in which they provide interconnected VoIP service to one or more subscribers, with the state determined for reporting purposes by the location of the subscriber’s broadband connection or the subscriber’s “Registered Location” as of the data-collection date); and (4) Providers of Mobile Telephony Services (must complete and file the applicable portions of this form for each state in which they serve one or more mobile telephony subscribers). BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens, Gerry Duffy, and Sal Taillefer. SEPTEMBER 30: FCC FORM 396-C, MVPD EEO PROGRAM REPORTING FORM. Each year on September 30, multi-channel video program distributors (“MVPDs”) must file with the FCC an FCC Form 396-C, Multi-Channel Video Programming Distributor EEO Program Annual Report, for employment units with six or more full-time employees. Users must access the FCC’s electronic filing system via the Internet in order to submit the form; it will not be accepted if filed on paper unless accompanied by an appropriate request for waiver of the electronic filing requirement. Certain MVPDs also will be required to complete portions of the Supplemental Investigation Sheet (“SIS”) located at the end of the Form. These MVPDs are specifically identified in a Public Notice each year by the FCC. BloostonLaw Contacts: Gerry Duffy and Sal Taillefer. SEPTEMBER 30: FCC FORM 611-T, DESIGNATED ENTITY REPORT. Each year on September 30, entities that won licenses at auction with bid credits must file a combined 611-T Designated Entity report for any licenses still subject to the “unjust enrichment” rule, which requires licensees to maintain their eligibility for small business and rural service provider bid credits for the first five years of the license term. BloostonLaw Contacts: John Prendergast and Cary Mitchell. OCTOBER 15: 911 RELIABILITY CERTIFICATION. Covered 911 Service Providers, which are defined as entities that “[p]rovide[] 911, E911, or NG911 capabilities such as call routing, automatic location information (ALI), automatic number identification (ANI), or the functional equivalent of those capabilities, directly to a public safety answering point (PSAP), statewide default answering point, or appropriate local emergency authority,” or that “[o]perate[] one or more central offices that directly serve a PSAP,” are required certify that they have taken reasonable measures to provide reliable 911 service with respect to three substantive requirements: (i) 911 circuit diversity; (ii) central office backup power; and (iii) diverse network monitoring by October 15. Certifications must be made through the FCC’s portal. BloostonLaw Contacts: Sal Taillefer.
Calendar At-a-GlanceAugust September October Blooston, Mordkofsky, Dickens, Duffy & Prendergast, LLP is a telecommunications law firm representing rural telecommunications companies, wireless carriers, private radio licensees, cable TV companies, equipment manufacturers and industry associations before the FCC and the courts, as well as state and local government agencies. Our clients range from Fortune 500 companies to small and medium-sized enterprises whose vitality and efficiency depend on the effective deployment of communications.
Annual Reminder: Ownership Changes May Require FCC ApprovalWith FCC application processing times for certain wireless transactions lengthening to as much as 120+ days, we are reminding our clients now that many types of corporate reorganizations, estate planning and tax savings activities and other transactions require prior FCC approval; and given the frequent need to implement such transactions by the end of the year, companies engaging in such transactions should immediately determine whether they must file an application for FCC approval, and obtain a grant, before closing on a year-end deal. Similar considerations apply to companies holding Section 214 authorizations (especially in the case of wireline and other telephony services), or towers that had to be registered in the FCC’s Antenna Structure Registration (ASR) system. Transactions requiring prior FCC approval include (but are not limited to):
Transactions involving certain types of authorizations can often be approved on an expedited basis. Unfortunately, this is not always the case, especially if bidding credits and/or commercial wireless spectrum licenses are involved, or foreign ownership trip-wires are triggered. Clients planning such transactions should contact us as soon as possible to determine if FCC approval is needed. BloostonLaw Contacts: John Prendergast and Richard Rubino FCC Proposes $20,000 Fine for Failing to Report Pro Forma Ownership ChangesOn July 20, the FCC issued a fine against Etelix.com USA, LLC (Etelix) for apparently violating section 214 of the Communications Act by operating without an authorization, failing to report several pro forma ownership changes, and failing to update its pending application to reflect these ownership changes. As a result, the FCC proposed a fine of $20,000. While the proposed fine is based upon more than just failing to report ownership changes, this case could be a harbinger of future actions by the FCC in connection with pro forma transactions (i.e., reorganizations or other ownership changes that do not change who controls a company). As a result, we would like to reinforce that our clients ensure that all transactions, including pro forma transactions, are properly authorized by the FCC prior to consummation (except in those limited circumstances where the FCC allows a post-closing notice up to 30-days after-the-fact). According to the NAL, another company filed with the FCC to transfer its customer base to Etelix but, because Etelix’s ownership consisted of foreign nationals at the time, the application was referred to the relevant Executive Branch agencies for review for national security, law enforcement, and public safety issues. Etelix received Special Temporary Authority (STA) to provide service to the transferred customers while the investigation was pending. When the STA expired, however, Etelix did not file for another. In addition, the ongoing investigation that resulted in the need for the STA in the first place revealed that Etelix had ownership changes about which it had not notified the FCC. Failing to correctly report changes in ownership is a common pitfall among telecommunications carriers and FCC wireless licensees. BloostonLaw attorneys are available to assist in transactions and ensure the proper filings are made. BloostonLaw Contacts: John Prendergast, Ben Dickens and Richard Rubino. FCC Acts on Suspected Illegal Robocall Campaign; Orders Carriers to Block Warranty RobocallsThe FCC has ordered all US based voice service providers to stop carrying possibly illegal traffic, and further ordered all networks cease carrying traffic from known robocall operations providing scamming auto warranties. Under the Order, voice service providers must immediately “take all necessary steps” to avoid carrying this robocall traffic (described below), or provide a report outlining how they’re mitigating the traffic. Should any voice service provider fail to comply with these obligations and fail to take all necessary steps to avoid carrying suspected illegal robocall traffic made by/on behalf of these individuals and entities, that voice service provider may be deemed to have knowingly and willfully engaged in transmitting unlawful robocalls. Specifically, the FCC suspects that Roy Cox, Jr., Aaron Michael Jones, their Sumco Panama companies and international associates have generated upwards of eight billion robocalls marketing auto warranties potentially in violation of the law. In response, the FCC has now “ordered all U.S. voice service providers to take all necessary steps to avoid carrying robocall traffic from the Cox/Jones/Sumco Panama operation.” This action followed a Public Notice issued earlier this month authorizing U.S. based voice service providers to cease carrying any traffic originating from the Cox/Jones/Sumco Panama operation. FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel stated “We are not going to tolerate robocall scammers or those that help make their scams possible. Consumers are out of patience and I’m right there with them.” Under the FCC’s Rules, providers are required to ‘[t]ake steps to effectively mitigate illegal traffic,’ including investigating and taking steps—up to and including blocking, if necessary—to prevent the source of the illegal traffic from continuing to originate such traffic.” “Now that U.S. voice service providers know the individuals and entities associated with this scheme, the Enforcement Bureau will closely monitor voice service providers’ compliance with this order and take appropriate enforcement action as necessary,” said Acting Enforcement Bureau Chief Loyaan A. Egal. The FCC also sent cease-and-desist letters to Call Pipe, Fugle Telecom, Geist Telecom, Global Lynks, Mobi Telecom, South Dakota Telecom, SipKonnect, and Virtual Telecom to warn them to stop carrying this suspicious robocall traffic within 48 hours, report the steps they take to the FCC, and continue to close off scam traffic. The letters warn that failure to comply may result in the FCC directing other providers to cut off traffic from these companies. It appears that the FCC’s action has substantially reduced the number of robocalls. In addition to the disappearance of the auto-warranty scam calls, we are no longer seeing the proliferation of IRS, Medicare and other scam calls as well. BloostonLaw Contacts: Ben Dickens, Gerry Duffy and Sal Taillefer. |
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| LETTERS TO THE EDITOR |
Nice issue Brad, Bill Reid Sent from my iPhone |
Brad, Nice one on the inclusion of the Backblaze hard drive study. I’d heard of it before but never researched it, and there it was in the newsletter. Much obliged! Now I’ve got to go… Time to get some HGST hard drives. Best, Chris Baldwin |
| TECHNICIAN'S CORNER |
How relays work. In this video we look at how relays work, what are relays used for, different types of relay, double pole, single pole, phototransistor, solid state relay, semiconductor, flywheel diodes, 8. Suppressor diodes, DPDT, Double Pole, Double Throw Relay, Double throw relay, single throw relay, latching relay, nc, normally closed relay, no, normally open relay, Electromagnetic, electromechanical relay. |
| Source: | YouTube |
| THIS WEEK'S MUSIC VIDEO |
“Remembering Grandpa”Grandpa Elliott Celebration of Life | Playing For Change | Documentary40,944 views Jul 10, 2022 PFC had the honor of joining family, friends and supporters for a memorial gathering and second line in Grandpa Elliott’s hometown of New Orleans. Enjoy this moving documentary and join us in celebrating the impactful life of our beloved Grandpa Elliott Small, with stories from his PFC family and special footage of Grandpa touching countless hearts around the world throughout the years. We are forever changed by Grandpa Elliott’s remarkable presence and amazing one-of-a-kind gift that he shared with us and the world. He will be remembered for his beautiful spirit and the joyful music he brought to the French Quarter and across the globe. From the streets to the stage, and now to the heavens, Grandpa Elliott’s voice and legacy will forever live on in our hearts and spirits! Grandpa Elliott Small |
| Source: | YouTube |
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a network. 
IMPORTANT 
Face ID and Touch ID verification give you the convenience and biometrics we can achieve with an iPhone. You don't have to buy another device, but also you don't even have to learn a new habit.
